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Based on the individual homoeopathic constituents of Phosphor-Homaccord medicine look up drugs order xalatan with a mastercard, therapeutic potentialities end result for the therapy of laryngitis treatment definition cheap xalatan on line, pharyngitis medications journal purchase xalatan 2.5 ml with amex, tracheitis treatment wasp stings order xalatan 2.5 ml without prescription, hoarseness with laryngeal pains and a raw, harsh voice (skilled speakers and singers), lateral pharyngitis; vertigo with disturbances of cerebral function (along with Psorinoheel); issue in reasoning (along with Selenium-Homaccord). Constitutionally indicated for phosphorus deficiency and for too rapid progress (Calcoheel, Cruroheel S and Osteoheel S as auxiliary treatments), for precancerous state and neoplasm phases (along with Galium-Heel, Psorinoheel, Lymphomyosot). For nasal catarrh, sinusitis (along with Euphorbium compositum, Naso-Heel S, Abropernol, Graphites-Homaccord and Traumeel S tablets). For nasal haemorrhages and haemoptysis along with Cinnamomum-Homaccord N (also in Werlhof�s illness), lateral pharyngitis (particularly of the left aspect). The dosage is adjusted in accordance with the illness, the signs and the stage of the illness: 10 drops three instances every day; for hoarseness and acute issues, huge initialdose remedy: 10 drops every 15 minutes. For catarrh attributable to a chill, alternating treatment with Aconitum-Homaccord (fever), Droperteel, Tartephedreel, BronchalisHeel; additional Drosera-Homaccord, Husteel, Vertigoheel, Selenium-Homaccord, Nervoheel, Psorinoheel, China-Homaccord S, Tonico-Injeel. Indications: Stimulation of metabolic capabilities of the peripheral circulation of the blood, and the defence in arteriosclerosis, gangrenous condition of the leg attributable to excessive smoking, elephantiasis, diabetes mellitus, gangrenous ulcers, decubitus, dysmenorrhoea, neurodystonia, erythema nodosum et multiforme, embolism, postencephalitic and submit-apoplectic residual impairment, endarteritis obliterans, chronically cold feet, endometritis, corneal clouding, internal ear deafness. Pharmacological and scientific notes Placenta suis (placenta) Peripheral circulatory issues, decubitus, rhagades, eczema, crural ulcers, perniones. Embryo suis (embryo) Arteriosclerosis, muscular dystrophy, for revitalization in mobile phases. Vena suis (vein) Circulatory issues, sural spasms, varicose veins, crural ulcers, venous stasis. Funiculus umbilicalis suis (Wharton�s jelly [umbilical twine]) Impairment of the connective tissues, arteriosclerosis, circulatory issues. Hypophysis suis (pituitary gland) Hormonal disturbances, issues of the connective tissue function. Secale cornutum (spurred rye) Peripheral circulatory issues, paresthesia, crural ulcers, myelitis after a chill or being drenched by rain. Tabacum (tobacco) Angiospasms, paresthesia, vertigo, collapse with pallor and cold sweat, migraine. Strophanthus gratus (strophanthus) Cardiac circulatory decompensation, tachycardia, pulsation by way of the entire body. Aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut) Venous stasis, haemorrhoids, varicose veins, paresthesia, lumbosacral pain. Melilotus officinalis (melilot) Congestive headache, plethora, possibly with pre-apoplectic conditions (hypertonia with reddening of the skin). Natrium pyruvicum (sodium pyruvate) Promotes detoxication; diabetic circulatory issues. Barium carbonicum (barium carbonate) Arteriosclerosis, senile coronary heart Plumbum jodatum (lead iodide) Muscular atrophy, atonic paresis, arteriosclerosis. Vipera berus (adder) (Thrombo-)phlebitis, gangrene, sensation of heaviness within the legs, paresis, cardiac and circulatory weak point, speech issues. Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) Tetanic and epileptiform convulsions, pseudomeningitis, disorientation. Based on the individual homoeopathic constituents of Placenta compositum, therapeutic potentialities end result for the stimulation of the metabolic capabilities, particularly of the peripheral circulation, in addition to for arteriosclerosis, gangrene of the leg because of excessive smoking, elephantiasis, diabetes mellitus, gangrenous ulcers, decubitus dysmenorrhoea, vegetative dystonia, erythema nodosum et multiforme, embolism, submit-encephalitic and postapoplectic residues, endarteritis obliterans, chronic cold feet, endometritis, internal ear deafness, as auxiliary treatment also in nephrosis, migraine, neuralgia, mastodynia, muscular rheumatism and Cushing�s syndrome. The revitalizing and stimulating effect of the organ and glandular extracts, along with homoeopathic treatments and catalysts, leads to a particular motion directed towards the peripheral vascular system, it being essential to take into consideration also the cerebral and myocardial blood provide. Placenta compositum is, subsequently, the parenteral preparation for Aesculus compositum drops, and must be administered together with this, not just for disturbances of the peripheral circulation as in smoker�s legs and arteriosclerotic deficiency phenomena of the psychological capacity, but additionally for migraine, possibly also for mastodynia in addition to for various skin ailments, in order to relieve the connective tissues extra rapidly from deposition phase homotoxins. In such cases, poisonous contamination of the organs is attacked by Hepar compositum (liver), Cor compositum (coronary heart), Solidago compositum S (kidneys), Discus compositum ampoules (issues originating within the vertebral column), and so forth. Always indicated is the injection, interchanged, of such Composita preparations as are expected to bring about the participation of the corresponding organ or tissue capabilities. The dosage is adjusted in accordance with the illness, the scientific image and the stage of the illness: in acute issues 1 ampoule every day, otherwise 1 ampoule i. Pharmacological and scientific notes Plantago main (plantain) Enuresis nocturna, cystalgia. Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade) Localized reaction phases, cerebral sensitivity, incontinentia urinae, cystitis, vesical tenesmus. The penalties of psychological feelings are useful disturbances; the co-ordination is influenced. For restless youngsters, along with Ignatia-Homaccord, Valerianaheel and Viburcol, possibly also Nervoheel. The dosage is adjusted in accordance with the illness, the signs and the stage of the illness: 10 drops three-4 instances every day; for acute issues, huge preliminary-dose remedy: 10 drops every 10-15 minutes. For enuresis also formation of a wheal in admixture with Equisetum-Injeel forte and Agaricus-Injeel, and in addition Vesica urinaria suis-Injeel once weekly i. Podophyllum compositum � Drops Injection answer Composition: Drops: a hundred g cont. Pharmacological and scientific notes Podophyllum peltatum (might-apple) Pancreopathy with spurting, painless diarrhoea, cholecystopathy, colitis, haemorrhoids. Acidum muriaticum (hydrochloric acid) Chronic gastro-enteritis, dyspepsia, haemorrhoids, very sensitive to contact Ignatia (St. Mercurius sublimatus corrosivus (mercury (Il) chloride) Suppurations, abscesses, dysentery, colitis, rectal tenesmus. Based on the individual homoeopathic constituents of Podophyllum compositum, therapeutical potentialities end result not just for the therapy of haemorrhoidal issues and easy catarrhal colitis in addition to colitis mucosa et ulcerosa, but additionally for the preliminary and after-therapy of neoplasia (preand submit-operative, in addition to before and after radiation remedy), particularly when mucous and sanguineous evacuations happen (acute and chronic colitis). Especially indicated is Podophyllum compositum for pains in the right hypogastrium, which radiate into the right thigh. Alternating treatments similar to Veratrum-Homaccord (colitis), Diarrheel S (gastroenteritis), Nux vomica-Homaccord (rectal tenesmus, constipation with ineffectual straining), Mercurius-Heel S (dysenteriform diarrhoea), and so forth. Since spondylolisthesis can cause or stimulate comparable issues, in painful conditions also the intervertebral origin ought to all the time be taken into consideration. The dosage is adjusted in accordance with the illness, the signs and the stage of the illness: for preliminary and after-therapy of neoplasia (preor submit-operative), in addition to beforeand after radiation remedy, 10 drops three instances hourly after which only three instances every day; in acute issues, huge preliminary-dose remedy: 10 drops every 15 minutes. Indications: Stimulation of the defence system in disturbance of the renal function and excretion, albuminuria, irritation within the urinary system, cystopyelitis, cystitis, hydronephrosis, nephrolithiasis (as additional treatment in bacteriuria), particularly in micturition issues (1st stage of prostatic adenoma). Dosage: In basic, 10 drops three instances every day; in acute issues, initially 10 drops hourly. Pharmacological and scientific notes Populus tremuloides (aspen) Cystitis, urinary issues in prostatic adenoma (1st stage). Sabal serrulatum (dwarf palm) Prostatic adenoma, epididymitis, urinary issues similar to incontinence of urine and ischuria paradoxa. Orthosiphon aristatus (orthosiphonin) Vesical and renal calculi, uric acide diathesis. Solidago virgaurea (golden rod) Nephritis and nephrosis with hydrophobic conditions and albuminuria, prostatic adenoma, cystitis, cystalgia, dysuria, vesical tenesmus. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (uva ursi) Cystitis, cystopyelitis, urethritis, incontinentia urinae. Equisetum hyemale (horse-tail) Cystitis, cystopyelitis, nephrolithiasis, enuresis nocturna, cystalgia. Kreosotum (beech tar creosote) Catarrh of the mucosa with acrid secretions, cystalgia, fluor albus. Terebinthina laricina (turpentine) (Focal) nephritis, cystopyelitis, nephrolithiasis, haematuria. When all acute reaction phases, particularly infections similar to angina, influenza, and so forth. Should such damage happen, nonetheless, biological potentialities of probably the most varied sorts are available, similar to injections of Solidago compositum S and Echinacea compositum S, possibly also of Traumeel S, Engystol N and probably the most varied single treatment Injeels. Further, the extra prescription of appropriate antihomotoxic and biotherapeutic brokers is really helpful, similar to Albumoheel S (albuminuria), Reneel and Spascupreel (the latter for nephrolithiasis), Galium-Heel in all cases of renal ailments, in order to promote regressive vicariation, whether or not merely within the form of elimination of deposition phases similar to renal calculi, or on the other hand, to promote the restoration of mobile phases (nephrosis, nephrosclerosis) in excretion phases (urine excretion). In this connection the help of a co-ordinated detoxication and elimination system is biologically essential, for which reason also injections of Hepar compositum, Hepeel, Galium-Heel, Lymphomyosot, Psorinoheel, and so forth. As auxiliary injections, Testis compositum (revitalizing effect for men) or Ovarium compositum (for girls) are indicated; to stimulate the general defensive system also Thyreoidea compositum and possibly Tonsilla compositum. For pyuria and hydronephrosis, Cantharis compositum S is specifically indicated, best when administered, within the first place, i.

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Protective isolation with shut observation may be indicated if granulopoiesis is set to pretreatment cheap 2.5 ml xalatan free shipping be poor medications jaundice purchase xalatan discount. Should proof of infection develop treatment mononucleosis discount 2.5 ml xalatan amex, the patient should have acceptable cultures performed and an acceptable antibiotic routine instituted medicine 3 sixes order xalatan 2.5 ml otc. Patients discontinued from clozapine remedy as a result of significant granulopoietic suppression have been discovered to develop agranulocytosis upon rechallenge, often with a shorter latency on re-publicity. The threat is highest during the preliminary titration period, notably with speedy dose-escalation. The whole daily dose may be increased in increments of 25 mg to 50 mg per day, if properly-tolerated, to a target dose of 300 mg to 450 mg per day (administered in divided doses) by the tip of 2 weeks. Subsequently, the dose may be increased weekly or twice weekly, in increments of as much as a hundred mg. Use cautious titration and a divided dosage schedule to decrease the danger of significant cardiovascular reactions [see Dosage and Administration (2. Myocarditis most incessantly presents within the first 2 months of clozapine therapy. Symptoms of cardiomyopathy generally happen later than clozapine-related myocarditis and usually after eight weeks of therapy. It is common for nonspecific flu-like symptoms such as malaise, myalgia, pleuritic chest ache, and low-grade fevers to precede more overt indicators of heart failure. Chest roentgenogram might reveal cardiac silhouette enlargement, and cardiac imaging (echocardiogram, radionucleotide studies, or cardiac catheterization) might reveal proof of left ventricular dysfunction. Analyses of 17 placebo-controlled trials (modal period of 10 weeks), largely in sufferers taking atypical antipsychotic medicine, revealed a threat of dying in drug-treated sufferers of between 1. Over the course of a typical 10-week controlled trial, the rate of dying in drug-treated sufferers was about four. Observational studies counsel that, just like atypical antipsychotic medicine, therapy with standard antipsychotic medicine might increase mortality in this inhabitants. Clozapine-related eosinophilia usually happens during the first month of therapy. In some sufferers, it has been related to myocarditis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, colitis, and nephritis. Clozapine-related eosinophilia has additionally occurred in the absence of organ involvement and can resolve without intervention. There are stories of profitable rechallenge after discontinuation of clozapine, without recurrence of eosinophilia. If sufferers expertise symptoms according to Torsades de Pointes, or other arrhythmias. Use caution when treating sufferers at risk for significant electrolyte disturbance, notably hypokalemia. Obtain baseline measurements of serum potassium and magnesium ranges, and periodically monitor electrolytes. These metabolic changes embrace hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and body weight gain. While atypical antipsychotic medicine might produce some metabolic changes, each drug in the class has its own specific threat profile. However, epidemiological studies counsel an increased threat of treatmentemergent, hyperglycemia-related opposed reactions in sufferers treated with the atypical antipsychotics. In some circumstances, hyperglycemia has resolved when the atypical antipsychotic was discontinued; nonetheless, some sufferers required continuation of anti-diabetic therapy despite discontinuation of the suspect drug. The maximum chlorpromazine dose was 1800 mg per day (imply modal dose: 1029 mg per day). The proportion of sufferers with categorical will increase in whole cholesterol or fasting triglyceride increased with the period of publicity. While this fever is mostly benign and self-limited, it might necessitate discontinuing therapy. Consider the potential for pulmonary embolism in sufferers who current with deep-vein thrombosis, acute dyspnea, chest ache, or with other respiratory indicators and symptoms. Use with caution in the presence of narrow-angle glaucoma, concomitant anticholinergic medications, prostatic hypertrophy, or other conditions by which anticholinergic effects can result in significant opposed reactions. Constipation must be initially treated by making certain sufficient hydration and use of ancillary remedy such as bulk laxatives. The syndrome consists of probably irreversible, involuntary, dyskinetic actions. However, the syndrome can develop after relatively temporary therapy intervals at low doses. Use the lowest efficient dose and the shortest period essential to control symptoms. However, the syndrome might remit partially or fully if therapy is discontinued. Antipsychotic therapy, itself, might suppress (or partially suppress) the indicators and symptoms, and it has the potential to mask the underlying process. Dystonic symptoms embrace: spasm of the neck muscles, sometimes progressing to tightness of the throat, swallowing issue, issue breathing, and/or protrusion of the tongue. While these symptoms can happen at low doses, they happen more incessantly and with greater severity with high efficiency and at greater doses of first technology antipsychotic medicine. Endocrine System Pseudopheochromocytoma Gastrointestinal System Acute pancreatitis, dysphagia, salivary gland swelling, c olitis. Hepatobiliary System Cholestasis, hepatitis, jaundice, hepatotoxicity, hepatic steatosis, hepatic necrosis, hepatic fibrosis, hepatic cirrhosis, liver injury (hepatic, cholestatic, and mixed), and liver failure. Urogenital System Acute interstitial nephritis, nocturnal enuresis, priapism, and renal failure. Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders Hypersensitivity reactions: photosensitivity, vasculitis, erythema multiforme, skin pigmentation dysfunction, and StevensJohnson Syndrome. Respiratory System Aspiration, pleural effusion, pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infection. Miscellaneous Creatine phosphokinase elevation, hyperuricemia, hyponatremia, and weight loss. Such medicine embrace specific antidepressants, phenothiazines, carbamazepine, and Type 1C antiarrhythmics. The studies revealed no proof of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus as a result of clozapine. Clinical Conside ra tions Consider the danger of exacerbation of psychosis when discontinuing or altering therapy with antipsychotic medications during being pregnant and postpartum. Consider early screening for gestational diabetes for sufferers treated with antipsychotic medications [see Warnings and Precautions (5. Neonates exposed to antipsychotic medicine during the third trimester of being pregnant are at risk for extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms following delivery. Monitor neonates for symptoms of agitation, hypertonia, hypotonia, tremor, somnolence, respiratory distress, and feeding difficulties. The severity of issues can vary from self-limited symptoms to some neonates requiring intensive care unit assist and prolonged hospitalization. Anima l Data In embryofetal developmental studies, clozapine had no effects on maternal parameters, litter sizes, or fetal parameters when administered orally to pregnant rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis at doses as much as 0. In peri/postnatal developmental studies, pregnant female rats have been administered clozapine over the last third of being pregnant and until day 21 postpartum. Observations have been made on fetuses at birth and during the postnatal period; the offspring have been allowed to reach sexual maturity and mated. Clozapine triggered a decrease in maternal body weight but had no effects 2 on litter measurement or body weights of either F1 or F2 generations at doses as much as 0. Elderly sufferers, notably these with compromised cardiovascular functioning, may be more vulnerable to these effects. Clinical expertise suggests that the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia seems to be highest among the elde rly; especially aged girls [see Warnings and Precautions (5. Clozapine concentrations may be increased in these sufferers, as a result of clozapine is almost fully metabolized after which excreted [see Dosage and Administration (2.

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Chediak-Higashi syndrome is an instance of a genetic diseasewith faulty neutrophil phagocytosis symptoms appendicitis order xalatan with visa. Once a bacterium has been phagocytized treatment for sciatica buy generic xalatan from india, both oxygen-requiring and oxygen-impartial enzymes can contribute to medicine natural xalatan 2.5 ml amex the killing of the bacteria medicine for the people buy xalatan 2.5 ml free shipping. Chronic granulomatous illness of childhood and myeloperoxidase deficiency are genetic immunodeficiencies associated to a deficiency of oxygendependent killing. Chemical mediators of irritation embrace vasoactiveamines, the kinin system, arachidonic acid products, the complement cascade,and cytokines. Acute irritation may result in tissue regeneration,scarring,abscessformation, or persistent irritation. Cellsimportant in persistent irritation embrace maaophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Chronic granulomatous irritation is a specialised form of persistent irritation with modified macrophages (epithelioid cells and multinucleated big cells) often surrounded by a rim of lymphocytes. A broad number of diseasescan cause persistent granulomatous irritation, most notably tuberculosis, syphilis, leprosy, and fungal infections. I I Patternsof tissue response to infectious agents can embrace exudative irritation, necrotizing irritation, granulomatous irritation, interstitial irritation, and cytopathic/cytoproliferative irritation. An 18-12 months-oldcollegestudent comes to the scholar well being clinicbecause of an 8-h history of a severe headache and "stiff neck. Physicalexamination reveals nuchal rigidity and palpable purpura on her trunk and decrease extremities. Gram stain analysisof cerebrospinal fluid obtained by a lumbar puncture reveals Gram-unfavorable intracellular diplococci. A sixty nine-12 months-old woman comes to the emergency division due to a 7-d history of fever,cough, chills, and pleuritic chest pain. She says that her sputum was initially a rust color, nevertheless it has been extra yellowish over the previous few days. Which of the following is probably the most likelytissue response to this infectious organismfi Regeneration and repair of broken cells and tissues starts virtually as quickly because the inflammatory process begins b. Examples: surface epithelial cells (pores and skin and mucosal lining cells), hematopoietic cells, stem cells, etc. Definition: occurs with clean wounds when there was little tissue damage and the wound edges are closely approximated b. Wound healing may be extended by international bodies, an infection, ischemia, diabetes, malnutrition, or scurvy. Entactin Chapter Summary Wound healing includes regeneration of the broken tissue by cells of the same sort and tissue repair with substitute by connective tissue. Labile cell populations that regenerate all through life embrace surface epithelial cells, hematopoietic cells, and stem cells. Stable cells that replicate at a low stage through life, however can divide if stimulated, embrace hepatocytes, proximal tubule cells, and endothelial cells. Tissuerepair with substitute of a broken space bya connective tissue scar is mediated by I many progress elements and cytokines. Initially granulation tissue forms, which later undergoes wound I contraction mediated by myofibroblasts, finally leading to true scar formation. Wound healing by first intention (major union) occurs after clean wounds have been closely approximated. Problems that may happen with wound healing embrace delayed wound healing, hypertrophic scar formation, and keloid formation. Other extracellular matrix components embrace elasticfibers, adhesion molecules, and proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans. Basement membranes have a internet unfavorable charge and are composed of collagen and other extracellular matrix components. A 16-12 months-old girl comes to the physician due to a "massive progress" on her earlobe. She says that she started to notice it about 3 weeks after she received her ears pierced, and it has been rising "exponentially" ever since. Physical exarni~ation reveals a 3-cm, firm tumor hanging from her left earlobe: Excessive production of which of the following forms of collagen is related to this conditionfi Her cook dinner handed away 6 months ago, and she or he has been eating "tea and toast" ever since. Definition: presence of extra fluid in the intercellular space Edema could be localized or 2. Definition: an excessive amount of blood in a tissue or organ secondary to vasodilatation (lively) or diminished venous outflow (passive) Table 5-1. Definition: sequence of occasions leading to the cessation of bleeding by the formaClotting is a balance between tion of a steady fibrin-platelet hemostatic plug two opposing forces: those b. Hemostasis includes interactions between the vascular wall, platelets, and the favoring the formation of a coagulation system steady thrombus versus those 2. Changes in blood move cause turbulence and stasis, which favors clot formation ii. Membrane expression of the phospholipid complicated, which is an important In a Nutshell platform for the coagulation cascade d. Additional platelets are recruited from the blood stream � Autosoma I recessive ii. Common Platelet Disorders Thrombocytopenia Qualitative Defects Decreased production von Willebrand illness Aplastic anemia (drugs, virus, etc. Peripheral blood smear reveals thrombocytopenia with enlarged immature platelets (megathrombocytes) iv. Bone marrow biopsy reveals increased numbers of megakaryocytes with immature forms d. Splenectomy, which removes the location of platelet destruction and antibody, production 5. Peripheral blood smear reveals thrombocytopenia and schistocytes, and reticulocytosis d. Laboratory tests for coagulation Patientson warfarin remedy ought to be monitored using i. Definition: inherited bleeding dysfunction characterized by both a deficiency or qualitative defect in von Willebrand factor b. Definition: any intravascular mass that has been carried down the bloodstream from its site of origin, resulting in the occlusion of a vessel 2. Common websites of infarction embrace the decrease extremities, brain, gut, kidney, and spleen d. Most infarcts (99%) outcome from thrombotic or embolic occlusion of an artery or vem ii. Occur in solid organs with a single blood supply such because the spleen, kidney, and coronary heart d. Occur in organs with a twin blood supply or collateral circulation, such because the lung and intestines ii. General sequence of tissue modifications after infarction: i ischemia -7 coagulative necrosis -7 irritation -7 granulation tissue -7 fibrous scar, I I I F. Definition: shock is characterized by vascular collapse and widespread hypoperfusion I of cells and tissue as a result of reduced blood volume, cardiac output, or vascular tone I b. If the hypoxia persists, the mobile damage becomes irreversible, leading to the demise of cells and the patient " 2. Release of endotoxins (bacterial walllipopolysaccharides) into the circulation iii. Anaphylactic shock (generalized vasodilatation)-sort I hypersensitivity reaction 3. Stage I: compensation, in which perfusion to vital organs is maintained by reflex mechanisms 1. Development of a metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalances, and renal insufficiency c. Acute adrenal insufficiency forty two mtlClical Circulatory Pathology Chapter Summary Edema is the presence of extra fluid in the intercellular space. Causes of edema embrace increased hydrostatic stress, hypoalbuminemia and decreased colloid stress, lymphatic obstruction, and increased endothelial permeability.

Diseases

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  • Brachydactyly type A1
  • Bowenoid papulosis
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  • Heterotaxy with polysplenia or asplenia
  • Heavy metal poisoning
  • Spinal atrophy ophthalmoplegia pyramidal syndrome
  • PANDAS